Arsitektur Vernakuler sebagai Strategi Mitigasi Bencana di Kampung Adat Naga

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest frequency and intensity of natural disasters worldwide. As a nation that has long coexisted with disasters, traditional communities have historically developed vernacular-based solutions. This is reflected in vernacular dwellings, which embody the community's responses to environmental factors, including natural hazards. However, previous studies often treat local wisdom, disaster mitigation, and traditional architecture as separate topics Disaster mitigation is often examined from social and cultural perspectives, whereas the architecture of Kampung Adat Naga is primarily studied in terms of aesthetics, construction, or cultural preservation. Thus, there is still a research gap, namely the lack of comprehensive studies that position the vernacular architecture of Kampung Adat Naga as an integrated disaster mitigation strategy based on traditional values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observation was chosen to examine the environmental conditions, materials used, and principles and mechanisms in the vernacular residential architecture of Kampung Adat Naga. Furthermore, the data obtained from literature studies and observations were analyzed qualitatively and accompanied by physics-based analysis with a focus on formulating a comprehensive understanding of the building's adaptation mechanisms to potential natural disasters. The results of the study show that the typical belah jolopong stilt house typology of Kampung Adat Naga uses light and flexible local materials such as wood, bamboo, and injuk, which result in a lighter structural mass, thereby producing smaller inertial forces at the same earthquake acceleration. The stone foundation system, as well as the uniformity of mass and building layout, form an effective structural mitigation mechanism in reducing earthquake inertial forces, while the space under the stilted houses minimizes hydrodynamic pressure by allowing water to flow freely under the buildings. These findings provide an empirical basis for revisiting the paradigm of the importance of changing the settlement planning paradigm in disaster-prone areas, from an approach that emphasizes structural rigidity and high technology to a contextual approach that prioritizes construction system flexibility, material suitability, and attachment to local environmental conditions.