Kebijakan Zakat Pada Masa Khalifah Abu Bakar: Analisis Dampak Perang Riddah Terhadap Stabilitas Ekonomi

Abstract

Zakat is one of the main pillars of the Islamic economic system, serving as an instrument for wealth redistribution and maintaining socio-economic stability within the Muslim community. During the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (632–634 CE), zakat policy faced a major challenge during the Riddah Wars, when several Arab tribes refused to pay zakat after the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This study aims to: (1) analyze zakat policy during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, (2) evaluate the impact of the Riddah Wars on zakat revenue and economic stability, and (3) identify the contribution of zakat in restoring the economic resilience of the ummah. Employing a qualitative approach with a historical-analytical method, this study draws from primary sources such as Tarikh al-Tabari and secondary literature on Islamic economics. The findings indicate that Abu Bakr firmly enforced zakat obligations through both military and diplomatic measures, ensuring the continuity of Baitulmal revenue amidst the crisis. Although the refusal of zakat temporarily disrupted economic stability, the successful resolution of the Riddah Wars restored zakat collection, strengthened the fiscal structure, and enhanced social welfare and unity. Abu Bakr’s zakat policy proved effective in upholding Sharia integrity while building the foundational resilience of the early Islamic economy.